Through my recent adventures in scientifically based psychological introspection, it has come to my attention that there are four basic ways of coping with the very natural and valid emotion of "anger". These are: Agressively, Passive-Agressively, Passively, and Assertively. The only healthy way to cope with anger is through assertion. To clarify this, I have come up with the following example. A late-20-something person returns to college, having flunked out of at least four colleges in his past. He is enthusiastic about beginning college again, and shows up to his first class of the year one half hour early. There are several early birds already sitting in the class, including a hung-over frat boy. Subconsciously picking up on the potential for weakness in an older student in a freshman class, the frat boy walks up to our protagonist, and begins to provoke him by kicking his chair repeatedly. Our protagonist responds in one of four basic ways. o Agression: REACTION ONE: the George W. Bush neo-conservative republican mechanism Our protagonist stands up and proceeds to kick the frat boy's ass. A few students cheer. The frat boy ends up in the hospital, and our protagonist ends up with nothing more than a few missing teeth. He can afford to get implants. Six years later (after waiting for his suspension to elapse), our protagonist graduates from college with both an undergraduate degree and a criminal record. While it may have seemed that our protagonist held a decisive victory in the short term, time has proven that in the end, the frat boy is the undisputable victor. Our protagonist was probably assaulted (spanked, slapped, whipped, beaten) by his parents when he was growing up when he got into trouble. This wired his brain to associate violence with anger, and taught him by example that it is OK to be violent when provoked, even if one is not in any real and imminent physical danger. REACTION TWO: The kid who tortures small animals in his basement Our protagonist takes the rest of the day of from college. It's just the first day anyway, so it doesn't really matter. He goes home and spends a little while "venting", by punching a punching bag. He thinks this is a very healthy way to cope with his anger, since he is not hurting another living thing, and he is doing it in private. This is probably the worst possible response. By punching his punching bag as a way to cope with anger (as opposed to a fun way to let out more general human agression and get some good exercise), he is reinforcing his brain's violence/anger association. By doing it in private and with no consequences aside from a few callouses on his knuckles, he ensures that he will never have a reason to begin the monumentously difficult task of radically changing his behavior until his brain is re-wired. There is nothing "wrong" or "bad" about feeling anger. Anger, like all human emotions, is natural, and frankly, unavoidable, as long as one remains an organic being in this imperfect universe. Anger in particular is not an end in and of itself, but rather it is a sympton of something else. It is a signal sent to our conscious mind, like a sensation of pain, cold, hunger, etc., to let us know that there is a matter out there which simply needs some conscious attention. Releasing the anger through punching a punching bag, chopping wood, or even riding a bike, is treating the sympton "anger" instead of the cause "half drunk frat boy". Another example of why this is an unhealthy response would be this: Your brain sends you a different signal besides anger, for instance, hunger. Your brain sends you the hunger signal because it needs nutrition (protein, vitamins, etc.). You are annoyed by this unpleasant signal. You have work to do. You are busy. You grab a Milky Way and eat it in 10 seconds. You believe you have fixed the problem; you are no longer receiving that pesky hunger signal. Unfortunately, you have left your body, your most important ally in this physical world, without the nutrition that it needs. Aside from the brief burst of energy you feel as your pancreas go into shock and begin to squirt insulin into your blood stream, triggering your fat cells to store fat and working on a good case of the Type 2 Diabetes, you end up functioning less effectively for the rest of your day. o Passive agression, or the "we all know one" coping mechanism Our protagonist remains still, but hunches over a bit and begins to cry. He tells the frat boy and the class about his childhood traumas, his past failures in college, and how he just wants to be loved. He says that being taunted by ignorant drunk frat boys is just his destiny, and he accepts it. He encourages the frat boy to keep kicking his chair, and suggests perhaps kicking him in the head as well, if it will make him feel better. He admonishes the frat boy to just make sure he doesn't get any blood on his expensive sneakers. Several fellow students become enraged and tell the frat boy off. The frat boy sits back down and ponders his sexual and alcoholic conquests for the evening. Our protagonist gets out of danger, but loses the respect of his peers, and loses respect for himself. He continues this pattern throughout his years in college. He gets back into drugs such as marijuana and alcohol to dull the emptiness in his heart and alleviate his anxiety. He eventually graduates, but takes a relatively low paying job. He takes a co-dependent marriage, and raises co-dependent children. He goes on to spend a considerable amount of his salary on unhealthy drugs, and passes his unhealthy coping mechanisms on to his offspring, who in turn become alcoholics. One of them works it out in therapy, and one of them gets in a car accident while driving drunk and dies to due complications related to cirrhosis. o Passivity, or the "Robert M. King" coping mechanism Our protagonist says nothing. He stands up. He walks past the frat boy. He walks out the door. He walks to his car. He starts it. He drives home. He never returns to college again. He revels in how bad the frat boy must feel that he has abandoned his dream. Aside from having his behavior reinforced - the frat boy couldn't care less and forgets the incident almost immediately. Our protagonist spends weeks reveling in how great it is that he doesn't take shit from anyone, and how bad the frat boy must still feel. Our protagonist continues his cycle of keeping his emotions inside, believing them to be "invalid". Invalidating his emotions allows him to perform well in the beginnings of new jobs, as his logical mind gets all the attention. He continues down a path of drug abuse (relatively harmless drugs such as marijuana, highly addictive drugs such as heroin, and both highly addictive AND organ damaging drugs such as alcohol), failed relationships, lost jobs, and legal troubles, until his ultimate premature, hideous, violent, painful, bloody, ugly, ugly death. He defecates at the moment of death, grossing the only one who was standing beside him, a random CNA, out. She says, "Yuck". o Assertively, or the "Donald Trump" response o Again, the ONLY HEALTHY ANGER COPING RESPONSE Our protagonist stands up from his chair. He breathes. He validates his feeling of anger, letting it wash over him. Realizing that his emotional mind is getting all the attention, he simply focuses his attention on his logical mind. He puts it into perspective and calms down, and even ends up partially amused. He faces the half drunk frat boy. He tells the frat boy that this is not high school, and that he is acting like a spoiled child. He notes that he paid good money to be here, not getting the free ride from his parents that the drunk frat boy is. He tells him that if he doesn't find another outlet for his subconscious sense of inadequacy, he will proceed directly to the Dean's office and report this annoying behavior. He says that he is too old and wise to fuck around anymore. The frat boy sits down and ponders his sexual and alcoholic conquests for the evening. He couldn't care less. Adam Gerard